两株内生芽孢杆菌对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性影响

【背景】盐胁迫环境严重影响大豆幼苗生长,内生菌可提高作物的抗逆性。【目的】探究接种内生枯草芽孢杆菌127和解蛋白芽孢杆菌133对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响。【方法】以“徐豆20”为实验材料,采用盆栽实验法,设置对照组、盐胁迫组和盐胁迫接菌组,在人工气候培养条件下,用不同NaCl浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 mmol/L)处理大豆幼苗,并接种不同OD600值(OD0.33、OD0.50和OD0.75)的菌悬液。【结果】培养14 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.33和OD0.75分别在盐浓度300 mmol/L和100 mmol/L时,SOD活性均为1.04 U/g-FW;接种解蛋白芽孢杆菌133的菌悬液OD0.50在盐浓度300 mmol/L胁迫下POD活性最高为7 820 U/(g·min),对大豆幼苗修复效果较显著。培养28 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.50,在150 mmol/L时SOD活性最高(0.88 U/g-FW);接...     

Distribution and biodiversity of rhizobia nodulating Chamaecrista mimosoides in the Shandong peninsula of china

Chamaecrista mimosoides is an annual herb legume widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa. It may have primitive and independently-evolved root nodule types but its rhizobia have not been systematically studied. Therefore, in order to learn the diversity and species affinity of its rhizobia, root nodules were sampled from C. mimosoides plants growing in seven geographical sites along the coast line of Shandong Peninsula, China. A total of 422 rhizobial isolates were obtained from nodules, and they were classified into 28 recA haplotypes. By using multilocus sequence analysis of the concatenated housekeeping genes dnaK, glnII, gyrB, recA and rpoB, the representative strains for these haplotypes were designated as eight defined and five candidate novel genospecies in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Bradyrhizobium ferriligni were predominant and universally distributed. The symbiotic genes nodC and nifH of the representative strains showed very similar topology in their phylogenetic trees indicating their co-evolution history. All the representative strains formed effective root nodules in nodulation tests. The correlation between genospecies and soil characteristics analyzed by CANOCO software indicated that available potassium (AK), organic carbon (OC) and available nitrogen (AN) in the soil samples were the main factors affecting the distribution of the symbionts involved in this current study. The study is the first systematic survey of Chamaecrista mimosoides-nodulating rhizobia, and it showed that Chamaecrista spp. were nodulated by bradyrhizobia in natural environments. In addition, the host spectrum of the corresponding rhizobial species was extended, and the study provided novel information on the biodiversity and biogeography of rhizobia.     

基于土地利用/覆被变化的伊河流域生态系统服务供需风险时空演变

生态系统服务的供需矛盾造成土地利用方式不合理,引发各种生态环境问题,制约和影响流域可持续发展和居民福祉提升,加强生态系统服务供需关系的研究具有重大意义。以具有“山地—丘陵—平原”景观的河南省伊河流域为研究区,首先利用基于土地利用的生态系统服务矩阵对生态系统服务的供给与需求进行制图,分析生态系统服务供需的时空变化;其次,结合供给动态趋势、需求动态趋势、供需比及供需比趋势比4个指标对伊河流域生态系统服务供需风险时空演变特征分析。结果表明：(1)1980—2018年伊河流域生态系统服务需求水平持续增加,供给水平持续降低,上游调节服务供给水平较强,中下游的供给服务提供水平较高,下游生态系统服务需求远大于上游。(2)栅格尺度下,1980—2018年流域生态系统服务供需高、低风险区占比分别为3.57%、96.43%,2000—2018年高风险等级面积较1980—2000年有所增加。(3)1980—2018年伊河流域7.69%的子流域高风险等级面积大于10%,7号和26号子流域风险等级相对本流域而言处于较高风险程度,2000—2018年的子流域这一比例达15.38%,且都分布于下游,整体上看,近20...     

河南济源人工引水渠隧道蝙蝠冬眠生态学特征

2017-2020年期间,每年1月份对河南省济源市邵原镇布袋沟水库人工引水渠隧道内蝙蝠进行冬眠生态学特征调查,共发现2科5属7种蝙蝠在此冬眠,包括马铁菊头蝠（Rhinolophus ferrumequinum）、小菊头蝠（R.pusillus）、华南水鼠耳蝠（Myotis laniger）、白腹管鼻蝠（Murina leucogaster）、金管鼻蝠（Mu.aurata）、奥氏长耳蝠（Plecotus ognevi）和亚洲宽耳蝠（Barbastella leucomelas）。马铁菊头蝠是优势种（约52%-73%的冬眠个体）,其次是小菊头蝠（约19%-37%）、华南水鼠耳蝠（约5%-8%）,其余蝙蝠物种数量不足3%。2017-2020年冬眠蝙蝠个体总数呈增长趋势,但仍少于早期报道的数量。有42个隧道每年均有蝙蝠冬眠,而且不同年度冬眠数量也不尽相同。通过多元线性回归分析发现,隧道长度可能是影响蝙蝠冬眠栖息场所选择的主要影响因子（Adjusted R²=0.208,P=0.001）。每个隧道内,蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠栖点位置,约4/5的蝙蝠选择温暖且环境相对稳定的隧道深处（> 30 m）作为冬眠栖点,超过95%的个体选择长度> 60 m的隧道冬眠。蝙蝠具有不同的冬眠方式,绝大多数个体采用独栖方式进行冬眠（> 90%）,少数采用聚集方式。不同的冬眠栖点和冬眠方式可能有利于冬眠成本优化。此外,栖点温度与蝙蝠体温之间呈显著正相关（R²=0.98,P < 0.001）,而且蝙蝠冬眠期间的栖点温度具有种内和种间差异。研究结果为我国蝙蝠种群保护和冬眠场所管理提供科学依据。     

土壤含水量驱动土壤病毒和细菌多度及其与土壤异养呼吸关系的变化

土壤微生物是维持陆地生态系统稳定性和功能的重要组成部分。病毒是地球上数量最多的生物实体,也是若干类型生境中微生物数量的重要调节者。因此,了解病毒与微生物的相互作用,对深入认识包括碳循环在内的生态系统过程具有重要意义。在实验室建立土壤微宇宙实验系统,跟踪调查恒定低含水量、恒定高含水量和波动含水量3种水分处理下土壤病毒和细菌多度的变化,以及土壤异养呼吸速率对土壤病毒-细菌相互作用的响应。相较于低水分处理,高水分处理显著增加了病毒多度（P<0.001）和病毒-细菌多度比（P=0.0026）,波动水分处理显著增加了病毒多度（P<0.001）。在高水分处理的土壤微宇宙中,细菌和病毒多度呈现出随时间动荡的信号,即细菌多度表现出增加-降低-增加的趋势,而病毒多度则表现出增加-降低的趋势,且其变化滞后于细菌。土壤异养呼吸速率与土壤含水量（P<0.001）、细菌多度（P=0.0045）和病毒多度（P<0.001）都具有显著的正相关关系。这些结果说明：病毒导致的下行控制可能是细菌多度的重要影响因子,在水分增加情形下,病毒有可能通过加速细菌的更新速率进而加速土壤呼吸。因此,病毒与细菌的相互作用可能是碳循环的重要决定因素。     

秦岭山地碳中和空间服务范围及其模拟预测

在当前碳中和背景下,秦岭山地碳中和的量化及其空间服务范围的测算对于碳中和合理规划和快速实现具有重要意义。采用IUEMS （Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System）系统对秦岭山地的固碳量进行核算,利用DMSP/OLS （Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System）和NPP-VIIRS （Net Primary Productivity-Visible infrared Imaging Radiometer）夜间灯光数据和各地市的能源消耗数据通过模型拟合对秦岭山地碳排放量进行空间量化,基于固碳量和碳排放量得到秦岭山地空间碳中和量。利用PLUS （Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model）模型模拟了2030和2050年的碳中和空间分布,结合常见气体扩散系数计算得到常温常压下秦岭山地碳中和对周边区域的服务范围。结果表明：2000-2020年秦岭山地固碳量呈现上升的趋势,大部分区域不同时间尺度上的固碳速率呈正向趋势,空间上秦岭山地中西部区域固碳量整体较大;对秦岭固碳量影响较大的地形特征为海拔1200m左右、斜坡、半阳坡和半阴坡;研究区内碳排放量空间上整体较低,碳排放低值区面积占到了秦岭总面积的90%,碳排放较大区域主要位于秦岭北坡的城区区域,时间上碳排放量最大值为先增加后减少的变化趋势;2000-2050年秦岭山地碳汇服务范围为174-262.63km,服务范围在空间上呈逐渐扩大趋势,2030年后其扩大程度将略有减少。     

Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel halotolerant,thermostable, and alkali-stable GH6 endoglucanase from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thermobifida halotolerans</Emphasis>

A novel endoglucanase gene was cloned from Thermobifida halotolerans YIM 90462^T, designated as thcel6A for being a member of glycoside hydrolase family 6. The gene was 1332 bp long and encoded a 443-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 45.9 kDa. The purified recombinant endoglucanase had optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 8.5. Thcel6A showed high hydrolytic activities at 25–55 °C and retained 58 % of initial activity after incubation at 90 °C for 1 h. It retained more than 80 % of activity after incubation for 12 h at pH values from 4 to 12. Thcel6A displayed higher hydrolytic activities in 5–15 % NaCl (w/v) than at 0 % NaCl. Activity increased 2.5-fold after incubation with 20 % (w/v) NaCl at 37 °C for 10 min. These properties suggest that this novel endoglucanase has potential for specific industrial application.     

家蚕非编码RNA在神经系统中的表达分析

【目的】非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)在家蚕Bombyx mori发育过程中具有重要调控作用。本研究旨在探索ncRNA参与家蚕神经系统发育的分子机理。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对22个中等长度的ncRNA及3个ncRNA的邻近编码基因在家蚕幼虫神经系统中的表达水平进行检测。【结果】8个ncRNA(包括1个C/D box snoRNA,4个H/ACA box snoRNA和3个不能归类的ncRNA)在家蚕5龄幼虫神经组织和非神经组织中均有表达,且在胸腹神经中的表达量明显高于头部神经中的表达量。其中,snoRNA Bm-51,Bm-18和Bm-86在胸腹神经中的表达量分别是头部神经中的23,5和4.7倍。进一步研究发现,这3个内含子起源的ncRNA与其宿主基因在家蚕神经系统中的表达趋势一致,宿主基因在胸腹神经中的表达量也明显高于头部神经中的表达量。【结论】本研究筛选到的在家蚕不同神经部位存在差异表达的ncRNA,特别是在胸腹神经中高表达的ncRNA可能协同其邻近编码基因,参与家蚕神经发育或神经活动过程。该结果为研究ncRNA参与家蚕神经系统发育提供了分子依据,为从非编码RNA角度探索鳞翅目害虫防治提供了新的思路。     

Post‐dispersal seed predation and its relations with seed traits: a thirty‐species‐comparative study

Post‐dispersal seed predation is a key process determining the variability in seed survival in forests, where most seeds are handled by rodents. Seed predation is thought to affect seedling regeneration, colonization ability and spatial distribution of plants. Basic seed traits are the essential factors affecting rodent foraging preferences and thus seed survival and seedling recruitment. Many studies have discussed several seed traits and their effects upon seed predation by rodents. However, the results of those previous studies are usually equivocal, likely because few seed traits and/or plant species tend to be incorporated into these studies. In order to elucidate the relationships between seed predation and seed traits, we surveyed the predation of 48 600 seeds in a natural pine forest, belonging to 30 species, for three consecutive years. The results demonstrated that: (i) seed size and seed coat hardness did not significantly affect seed predation; (ii) total phenolics had a negative effect upon seed predation; (iii) positive effects of nitrogen content upon seed predation were found. From our study, it seems that the better strategy to prevent heavy predation is for plants to produce seeds with higher total phenolics content rather than physical defenses (i.e. hard seed coat) or larger seeds. Additionally, rodent foraging preference may depend more on Nitrogen content than other nutrient content of seeds.